Desk 2. For men, level of songs analysed is provided with once the total number and directory of tunes analysed for each and every personal when you look at the mounts. For males, level of colony internet sites equal the number of people registered, for ladies, they is short for the number of nests at which we noticed him or her. Male voice features was indeed averaged on private height in advance of figuring the brand new shown study. Indicate ± SD | Average is provided into quantity of pulses for each sound, years, pulse rate and you may dominant frequency
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Figure step 3. Numerous heart circulation musical developed by the brand new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you can associated spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt from a beneficial territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt from a territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt out-of a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: 50 dB active diversity, Hamming screen (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s windows size (men and women grunt), 0.08 s window duration (male strong grunt)
Shape 3. Multiple heart circulation musical developed by the newest corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you will related spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding good territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt off a beneficial territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt from a female corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram options: fifty dB vibrant variety, Hamming windows (elevated sine-squared), 0.008 s screen duration (female and male grunt), 0.08 s windows duration (male strong grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.00step step 1, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-heartbeat musical
The selection of clearly assignable clicks lead to the analysis off 102 male presses of 31 video out of 19 anybody and you will 66 people clicks out of 20 movies at nests regarding 14 guys. The selection of demonstrably assignable plops triggered the study from 73 men plops regarding twenty eight movies of 18 movies and 66 women plops of 21 movies during the nests off fourteen people. Averaging men audio for each individual male contributed to an example measurements of n = 18 for ticks, and you will n = 17 having plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure https://datingranking.net/nl/fastflirting-overzicht/ 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t48.cuatro = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).