Bee Species Range
Off 2009 so you’re able to 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was indeed caught when you look at the Calanques National Park thru both net and dish pitfall stuff. They belonged so you can six household and 38 genera. Megachilidae is the essential kinds-rich family, with Apidae and you will Halictidae, having 53, forty two, and you may 43 kinds, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 are the newest richest genus, with 33 kinds, while seven genera was indeed portrayed by one species (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step one [on the web just] ). Utilizing the jackknife 1 and dos indexes, the full bee kinds fullness is actually estimated are ranging from ± nine.89 and you may ± . The brand new noticed richness hence depicted 71.step 3 to help you 79.6% of the projected bee richness ( Table dos). The fresh new Chao1 method projected this new noticed fullness getting 76.8% of your potential restrict fullness ( Desk 2). Many plentiful types is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), followed closely by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you may 168 anyone, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 anybody). Ultimately, 50 types (26%) was depicted by only one private (singletons).
Environment Faculties out-of Bees
Regarding your environment qualities of nesting choices, i recognized 59 unmarried bee varieties nesting above soil, ninety-five single bee kinds nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic species, corresponding to 29.7, 47.9, and you may twelve.0% of one’s complete bee kinds richness, respectively. I sensed four social kinds (bumble bees and you can honey bees-2.1%). Finally, the new nesting needs out-of fourteen varieties will always be unknown (eight.3%- Supp Dining table 1 [on the internet only] ). Regarding your flowery diet out-of bee variety, i unearthed that 105 species (54.7%) foraged into a wide range of plant types (we.e., generalist species, polylectic) and you can 51 species (twenty six.5%) foraged on one plant household members or that/couple plant kinds (i.e., specialist kinds, oligolectic). With the kept thirty six bee types (18.8%), the latest floral eating plan was not known (elizabeth.g., having cleptoparasitic types). not, very generalist types showed a choice for 1 or a few bush parents ( Supp Desk step 1 [on the web just] ). Towards the forty-two singletons, 14 bee species (28%) was in fact experts, and nine bee kinds (18%) was cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk step one [on the internet just] ).
A keen IUCN status are designed for 178 variety (leaving out brand new species buildings and as yet not known varieties). Among those, 47 variety were classified due to the fact study deficient (DD-26.4%), 124 variety was indeed the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen kinds was basically close threatened (NT-step 3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one varieties is actually believed threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table 1 [online simply] ). About three oligolectic variety was one of several seven endangered bee kinds. A beneficial. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus are pros for the Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a professional on the Caprifoliaceae.
Away from 2009 so you can 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically stuck within the Calanques National Playground. It belonged to help you twenty four genera ( Supp Dining table dos [on https://datingranking.net/chappy-review/ the web only] ). The absolute most numerous genera were Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 someone), and you will Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville within the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen some body), while 20 species (53%) was basically portrayed because of the just one personal ( Supp Table dos [online simply] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was indeed portrayed from the 20 varieties, also five singletons (25%) ( Supp Table 3 [on the web simply] ). The latest quote regarding complete kinds fullness from hover flies and bee flies are between 83 and 97 varieties utilizing the jackknife step one and dos indexes, correspondingly. Thus, the newest noticed fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of projected hover fly and bee travel fullness ( Desk dos).